Networks

How the Internet Works

What is the Internet?

A global network connecting millions of computers, allowing them to communicate and share information.

How does the internet work?

  • Data Transmission: Information is sent and received in small packets.
  • IP Address: Every device on the internet has a unique IP address, like a home address, to identify it.
  • DNS (Domain Name System): Translates domain names (like www.tes.com) into IP addresses so computers can understand them.
  • Protocols: Rules for how data is transmitted, such as HTTP for web pages and FTP for file transfers.

Types of Networks

Local Area Network (LAN):

  • A network that connects devices within a small area, like a home, school, or office.
  • Characteristics: Fast, low-cost, and limited to a specific location.
  • Examples: Connecting computers and printers within a classroom.

Wide Area Network (WAN):

  • A network that covers a large geographic area, often connecting multiple LANs.
  • Characteristics: Slower than LANs, higher cost, covers large distances.
  • Examples: The internet, a network connecting offices in different cities.

The Internet:

  • The largest WAN, a global network of interconnected networks.
  • Characteristics: Public, vast, connects millions of LANs and individual devices worldwide.
  • Examples: Accessing websites, sending emails, streaming videos.

Cybersecurity

Protecting computer networks from unauthorised access, attacks and damage.

Basic Principles:

  • Passwords: Use strong, unique passwords for different accounts to prevent unauthorised access.
  • Encryption: Scrambling data so only authorised parties can read it.
  • Firewalls: Software or hardware that blocks unauthorised access to a network.
  • Antivirus Software: Programs that detect and remove viruses and malware.

Best Practices:

  • Keep Software Updated: Regular updates fix security vulnerabilities.
  • Be Cautious with Emails: Avoid opening attachments or clicking links from unknown senders.
  • Use Secure Connections: Look for HTTPS in the website address for secure communication.
  • Backup Data: Regularly backup important data to recover it in case of an attack.

Understanding these basics helps keep your data and devices safe from cyber threats!