Networks

What are Networks?

  • Systems that connect computers and other devices so they can communicate with each other.
  • Networks can be wired (using cables) or wireless (using Wi-Fi). They help make things like the internet, online games and email work.
 Protocols Rules and standards that allow devices to communicate.
  • Common Protocols:
    • HTTP/HTTPS: For accessing websites.
    • TCP/IP: For reliable communication over the internet.
    • FTP: For transferring files.
    • SMTP: For sending emails.

Example:

  • HTTP: Allows web browsers to communicate with web servers to load websites.
    URL: http://www.example.com
Topologies The layout or arrangement of devices in a network.
  • Common Topologies:
    • Star: All devices connect to a central hub.
      • Pros: Easy to manage, if one device fails, others are unaffected.
      • Cons: If the hub fails, the entire network goes down.
    • Bus: All devices share a single communication line.
      • Pros: Simple and cheap.
      • Cons: If the main line fails, the entire network is affected.
    • Ring: Devices are connected in a circular fashion.
      • Pros: Data travels in one direction, reducing collision.
      • Cons: If one device fails, it can affect the entire network.

Example:

  • Star Topology: Often used in home networks where each device connects to a central router.
Security Measures to protect data and resources in a network.
  • Common Security Measures:
    • Firewalls: Monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic.
    • Encryption: Scrambles data to protect it from unauthorized access.
    • Antivirus Software: Protects against malware and other malicious threats.
    • Authentication: Verifies the identity of users and devices.
    • Secure Passwords: Strong, unique passwords for different accounts and devices.

Example:

  • Wi-Fi Security:
    • Use WPA3 encryption for better protection.
    • Set a strong, unique password for your network.